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Birth Control Types

Intrauterine Devices (IUD)

The Intrauterine Devices (IUD) are another method for long term birth control. IUDs are small, "T-shaped" contraceptive devices made of flexible plastic and often have copper wire or copper sleeves on them. It is inserted into a woman's vagina through her uterus. IUDs are available by prescription only. The Intrauterine Devices are considered as one of the most effective reversible method of birth control. But, it is very important to remember that the IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. Use a latex or female condom with the IUD to reduce the risk of infection.

How IUD Works?

It works by preventing sperm from joining with an egg by affecting the way they move. The hormone in Mirena increases effectiveness. It thickens cervical mucus, which provides a barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. It also prevents some women's ovaries from releasing eggs.

How Long Is An IUD Effective?

It depends on the kind your doctor prescribed to you. There are two types of IUDs available in the United States. The copper IUD can remain in your body as long as 10 years. The hormonal IUD needs to be replaced every 5 years. Your doctor can remove either of these at any time if you decide to get pregnant or if you no longer want to use it.

Advantages:

  • They are very effective long-term prevention of pregnancy. Long lasting, the most widely used IUD (outside China), the Tcu-380A, lasts at least 10 years.
  • No interference with sex.
  • As there is no need to worry about pregnancy, you can get full sexual enjoyment.
  • One of the most effective reversible methods of birth control.
  • The ability to become pregnant returns quickly when IUD use is stopped.

Disadvantages:

  • Does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STD) like HIV/AIDS.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is more likely to follow STD infection if a woman uses an IUD. PID can lead to infertility.
  • Occasionally, the IUD can partially or completely slip out of the uterus. It is more likely among younger women and women who have never had a baby. If it happens, a woman can become pregnant. If partially expelled, the IUD must be removed.
  • Side effects like longer and heavier menstrual periods, bleeding or spotting between periods and more cramps or pain during periods can occur.
  • If the IUD is not properly inserted, perforation (piercing) of the wall of the uterus can occur.